Monkeypox Outbreak: What employers need to know and how to handle it

Monkeypox is an infectious disease caused by a monkey virus that transmits from animals to humans, it has symptoms similar to smallpox. 

According to a Nigerian Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) report, cases of the virus have been increasing daily in Nigeria, and advise all Nigerians to adhere to safety measures to prevent its spread. 

But what does this mean for workplaces and employers? And how can they help minimize the risk of exposing their employees and customers to this highly contagious disease? This article explains the potential threats the virus poses in the workplace and how your business can take ‌precautions while remaining compliant with federal and state law.

What are monkeypox symptoms?

According to the World Health Organization [WHO], the virus is a rare viral zoonotic (a virus transmitted to humans from animals) with symptoms comparable to those seen in the past in smallpox patients, although less severe. 

The symptoms of this virus include fever, swollen lymph nodes, and a rash that forms blisters and then crusts over.

Related: NCDC denounces misinformation about monkeypox in Nigeria

Who can spread monkeypox?

The virus spreads through contact with the skin or bodily fluids of animals carrying the virus, such as monkeys, rats, or squirrels. Viral transmission can also occur through contact with infected humans, such as through close personal contact or sharing contaminated bedding or clothing. In rare cases, it can spread through the air, such as when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

How do you catch monkeypox?

According to the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), It can spread from person to person through direct contact with infectious rash, scabs, or body fluids. It also spreads through respiratory secretions during prolonged, face-to-face interactions or intimate physical encounters, such as kissing, cuddling, or sex.

Monkeypox can spread from the symptoms start until the rash has fully healed and a fresh layer of skin has formed. Anyone in close contact with a person with monkeypox can get it and should take steps to protect themselves.

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How should I handle employees with monkeypox?

Employees who have confirmed monkeypox outside the office should remain isolated at home until their symptoms subside. Employees with monkeypox symptoms should seek medical advice, testing, and care.

It is also important to inform other employees who may have been in contact with the individual to be on the lookout for symptoms 21 days after exposure. Employers may consider updating their self-monitoring policies used for Covid-19 to expand symptoms to include all monkeypox symptoms.

Related: 10 Monkeypox myths debunked

Do I need to tell my customers if an employee has monkeypox?

If one of your employees contracts the monkeypox virus, ‌inform your customers as soon as possible. The disease is highly contagious, so it is vital to take precautions. In addition, proper ‌cleaning and disinfection in the workplace should be a priority.

How Is Monkeypox Treated?

There is no specific treatment for monkeypox. Symptoms usually go away on their own within 2 to 4 weeks. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and includes‌:

1. Maintaining fluid intake by drinking plenty of fluids 
2. Taking medications for fever and pain relief 
3. Keeping skin clean by washing it with soap and water 
4. Covering up any rash with clothing or a bandage

Related: Monkeypox in the UK: New case confirmed in a traveler from Nigeria

Preventing the spread of the virus in the workplace

There are a few things employers can do to prevent the spread of monkeypox:

1. Educate employees on the symptoms of monkeypox and what to do if they think they have contracted the disease. 
2. Have a plan to identify and isolate sick employees. 
3. Keep up with the latest information from the CDC and other health authorities for making informed decisions about your workplace. 
4. Make sure that workers who work closely together stay home when they have a fever or rash—even if only one person has shown symptoms.
5. Remember that anyone who has had close contact with someone who may have monkeypox should seek a doctor as soon as possible, especially infants, pregnant women, people who work outside, and adults over 50 years. 
6. One way to avoid exposure is by not shaking hands or touching the hair of those suspected of having contracted the virus.

Related: 92 cases of monkeypox in 12 countries: what you need to know

Frequently Asked Questions about the Monkeypox Outbreak

Is monkeypox common?

Monkeypox is a viral infection that can spread from humans to monkeys. It’s not common, but it occurs, and the chances of getting it are higher if you handle primates. Direct contact with infected secretions or aerosols can spread the virus.

When did monkeypox enter Nigeria?

In Nigeria, the first monkeypox outbreak occurred in 1971, the second epidemic occurred in 1978, and a re-emergence on 20 September 2017 in Bayelsa State.